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A Virtual Private Server (VPS) is a virtualised server with a fixed share of processor and memory that no other user can consume. It comes with root access, so you can install software and change settings at the operating system level. Unless you choose a…
A domain name is the memorable name people type instead of a server's numeric IP address, and the Domain Name System (DNS) looks that address up for them. Registering one gives you the right to use the name and control where it points, not a website or email…
Run uptime to see how long a Linux server has been running since its last boot. Adding -p, as in uptime -p, gives a plain reading such as up 12 days, 3 hours. Run last reboot to list past restarts, with the newest at the top. The first number in /proc/uptime…
Run sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches as root to clear the page cache, dentries and inodes in one step. Writing 1 instead clears only the page cache, and 2 clears only dentries and inodes. Compare the buff/cache figure from free -h before and after to…
Open Command Prompt and type ver to see the version number on one line. The systeminfo command returns a full summary including the edition, build number and system type. The command wmic os get Caption, Version, BuildNumber prints a short table, though…
A subdomain sits before your domain name, as in blog.example.co.uk, and search engines treat it as a separate website. A subdirectory is a folder after the domain, as in example.co.uk/blog, and shares the main site's search standing. Subdomains suit staging…
In cPanel, click Errors in the Metrics section to see recent web server errors. For PHP errors, open File Manager, search for error_log across the home directory and view the file nearest the broken page. PHP writes an error_log file into each folder where a…
Run curl -O followed by the file's URL to save it under its original name, or curl -o with a new filename before the URL to rename it. Adding -L makes cURL follow redirects, which otherwise stop the download. Plain curl with a URL prints the file in the…