How to set up port forwarding with iptables
Port forwarding routes external traffic through your firewall to internal services running on specific IP addresses and ports. This allows you to expose web servers, SSH connections or other services to the internet while keeping them behind a NAT or…
How to check your Ubuntu version
Knowing which version of Ubuntu you are running is essential for system maintenance and managing your VPS effectively. Your version number determines which software packages you can install, which security patches you need and how you troubleshoot problems.…
How to edit .bashrc on Linux
The .bashrc file configures your Bash shell environment. Every time you open a new terminal session, Bash reads this file and applies your custom settings. You can use it to create command shortcuts, set environment variables and define functions that…
How to use the rsync command in Linux
The rsync command synchronises files and directories between locations while transferring only what has changed. This makes it faster and more efficient than basic copying tools when you need to back up directories, mirror file structures or transfer data…
How to copy files and directories with the cp command
The cp command copies files and directories on Linux systems. You use it to duplicate configuration files, back up website content or move data between directories without removing the original. This guide covers common cp operations with practical examples.…
How to change the SSH port on AlmaLinux
SSH runs on port 22 by default, which makes it a primary target for automated brute-force attacks. Changing this port reduces your server’s exposure to these attacks by removing it from the most commonly scanned ports. You will update the SSH…
How to switch users in Linux
Switching users in Linux allows you to access different accounts without logging out of your current session. This is necessary when you need to perform administrative tasks, test user permissions or access files owned by different accounts. You will learn…
How to use SCP for secure file transfers
SCP (Secure Copy) transfers files between networked Linux systems using SSH encryption. This protects your data and credentials from interception during transfer, making it the standard tool for secure remote file management on VPS environments. You will…
How to transfer cPanel accounts between servers
The Transfer Tool in WHM moves cPanel accounts between servers through an SSH connection. It packages account data into a compressed archive, transfers it securely and unpacks it on the destination server. You will connect two cPanel servers, scan for…
How to use chown to manage file ownership in Linux
File ownership determines who can read, modify or execute files on your Linux system. When ownership is configured incorrectly, applications fail to access the files they need or unauthorised users gain access to sensitive data. The chown command changes file…
