How to manage Node.js versions with NVM
Running multiple Node.js projects on a single VPS often means each project needs a different Node.js version. Installing Node.js globally with a package manager gives you one version for everything, which causes compatibility errors when versions conflict.…
How to connect to PostgreSQL using Node.js
Node.js applications that need to read or write data from a PostgreSQL database require a driver to handle the connection. The node-postgres package (pg) provides that driver, along with support for queries, connection pooling and async/await syntax. This…
How to install npm packages
npm (Node Package Manager) is the default package manager for Node.js, giving you access to hundreds of thousands of open-source libraries and tools. Whether you are running a bare Linux VPS or a cPanel-managed server, you need Node.js and npm installed…
How to create and manage symbolic links in Linux
Symbolic links let you reference files and directories from multiple locations without duplicating data. They act as pointers that redirect to the original file or folder, which makes them useful for organising complex directory structures and maintaining…
How to install Node.js on Linux
Node.js executes JavaScript code outside the browser, turning it into a language for building servers, command-line utilities and backend services. Installing Node.js on your Linux server gives you the node runtime for executing code and npm for managing…
How to check open ports on Linux
Open ports on your Linux server indicate which services accept network connections. Monitoring these ports prevents unauthorised access and helps you troubleshoot connectivity problems. You will check open ports using four command-line tools: ss, netstat,…
How to build a headless CMS with Strapi and Astro
Traditional content management systems like WordPress bundle your content, templates and frontend code into a single application. This creates performance bottlenecks and limits how you can deliver content across different platforms. You will build a headless…
How to build a CA bundle for GeoTrust and RapidSSL certificates
Missing or incomplete CA bundles cause SSL installation failures on GeoTrust and RapidSSL certificates. Browsers display security warnings when the certificate chain is broken, even though your certificate itself is valid. You will build a complete CA bundle…
How to install an SSL certificate with Certbot
SSL certificates encrypt traffic between your server and visitors. Without one, browsers display security warnings that drive visitors away. Certbot automates the installation of free Let’s Encrypt certificates and handles renewal automatically. You…
How to open a port in firewalld
Firewalld blocks incoming connections by default, protecting your VPS from unauthorised access. You need to open specific ports to allow legitimate traffic to reach your applications. You will open ports in firewalld by enabling predefined services or…
